Reducing aviation emissions

Aviation carbon emissions are increasing. According to the ICCT, in 2018, passenger and cargo flights emitted 918 million tonnes of CO₂ – a 32% rise since 2013.

Our research is supporting the design of new engines that are more fuel efficient and less polluting, helping the industry to become more sustainable and meet global environmental targets.

_{Image courtesy of Rolls-Royce plc}

The annular s-shaped transition ducts connecting the low- and high-pressure compressors in aero engines have conflicting aerodynamic and structural requirements – making their redesign a challenge.

Working with Rolls-Royce and the University of Cambridge (2004-11), we developed an improved understanding of duct aerodynamics as well as new numerical methodologies and innovate designs. Our bespoke test facility enabled this work at a fraction of the cost and time of conventional engine tests – achieving significant design improvements.

The next stage of our work (2011-15) focused on further improving the aerodynamic integration of neighbouring components. By integrating support struts into the compressor outlet vanes – in a now patented design we realised further efficiencies.

We then explored the potential savings of redesigning components downstream of the fan feeding the engine core (2016-19). Employing a combination of computational and experimental methods, we developed new integrated designs.

Meanwhile, in collaboration with GKN Aerospace (2018-20), we investigated the impact of a bleed at the exit of the compressor immediately upstream of the transition duct that allows more efficient engine operation. We identified failure mechanisms and bleed limits, providing clear boundaries to the design space.

Together, these redesigns have achieved significant fuel cost and emission reductions, supporting the industry’s progress toward sustainability.